Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 55
Filter
1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 31(3): e007522, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1394891

ABSTRACT

Abstract Birds of prey harbor a wide spectrum of various parasites, mostly with a heteroxenous life cycle. However, most reports on their parasites come from Europe. Although the Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) is a widespread species in America, parasitological surveys on this hawk are mostly focused on coprological findings and ectoparasites, with poor attention paid to helminths. The aim of this study was to gather new and additional data on host-parasite associations for the Harris's hawk. Twenty-nine birds from central and southern Chile were necropsied. Further, nine birds from a rehabilitation center and 22 museum specimens were inspected for ectoparasites. Sixty-eight percent of birds hosted at least one parasite species. Four lice species, one mite species and eight helminth species (five nematodes, two platyhelminthes and one acanthocephalan) were recorded. Parasitic lice Colpocephalum nanum and Nosopon chanabense, and a nematode Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana were recorded for the first time in raptors from the Neotropics. A feather mite, Pseudalloptinus sp., nematodes, Physaloptera alata and Microtetrameres sp., and a trematode Neodiplostomim travassosi, were recorded for the first time in Chile. The presence of diverse heteroxenous helminths reported here in the Harris's hawk could be explained by the generalist diet of this raptor.


Resumo As aves de rapina representam uma fonte importante de parasitas heteroxenos. Porém, a maioria dos relatos são da Europa. O gavião-asa-de-telha (Parabuteo unicinctus) é uma espécie amplamente distribuída no continente Americano, porém estudos parasitológicos nessas aves têm documentado achados coprológicos e ectoparasitas, com poucos relatos sobre endoparasitas como helmintos. Por essa razão, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever novas associações parasita-hospedeiro para o gavião-asa-de-telha e rapinantes neotropicais. Vinte nove aves provenientes do centro e sul do Chile foram submetidas à necropsia. Por outro lado, nove aves de um centro de reabilitação e 22 espécimes de museu foram inspecionados em busca de ectoparasitas. Do total de aves, 68,3% foram identificadas como portadoras de pelo menos uma espécie de parasita. Quatro espécies de piolhos, um ácaro e oito helmintos (cinco nematoides, dois platelmintos e um acantocéfalo) foram registrados. Os piolhos Colpocephalum nanum, Nosopon chanabense e o nematóide Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana são reportados pela primeira vez em rapinantes neotropicais. Colpocephalum nanum, N. chanabense, Pseudalloptinus sp., Physaloptera alata, Microtetrameres sp., C. (H.) americana e Neodiplostomim travassosi, são reportados pela primeira vez no Chile. A diversidade de helmintos heteróxenos, identificados neste trabalho, poderia ser explicada devido à dieta geralista do gavião-asa-de-telha.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Hawks/parasitology , Helminths/physiology , Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology , Phthiraptera/physiology , Mites/physiology , Platyhelminths/isolation & purification , Autopsy/veterinary , Tropical Climate , Beak/parasitology , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Age and Sex Distribution , Acanthocephala/isolation & purification , Feathers/parasitology , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Nematoda/isolation & purification
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(1): 55-61, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1153051

ABSTRACT

The number of domestic animals living with human beings is rapidly increasing in parallel with an enhanced risk of transmission of their parasites and the pathogens they might carry. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of hematophagous arthropods infesting domestic animals from Northeastern Brazil and to remark the implications of their occurrence on the epidemiology and control of selected veterinary and human diseases. From January 2017 to April 2019, ectoparasites infesting domestic cats, dogs and horses were collected for their respective hosts and identified. Overall, ectoparasites were sampled from 86 domestic animals, living in different anthropic settings. A total of 401 specimens (344 ticks and 57 fleas) were collected from different hosts [i.e., 10 (2.49%), 96 (23.94%) and 295 (73.57%) from cats, dogs and horses, respectively]. Two flea (i.e., Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis) and 5 tick species (i.e., Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma sculptum, Dermacentor nitens, Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) were identified. This study provides data on the ectoparasite fauna infesting domestic animals from Northeastern Brazil. The diagnosis and treatment of these parasites should not be underestimated, considering the role that hematophagous arthropods display as vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary concern.(AU)


O número de animais domésticos infestados por ectoparasitos vivendo em estreito contato com seres humanos está aumentando, elevando o risco de infecção pelos patógenos transmitidos por vetores. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a ocorrência de ectoparasitos infestando animais do nordeste do Brasil e discutir as implicações desse parasitismo na epidemiologia e no controle de doenças de importância médico-veterinária. De janeiro de 2017 a abril de 2019, artrópodes foram coletados de gatos, cães e cavalos, e identificados morfologicamente. Ectoparasitos foram removidos de 86 animais infestados provenientes de áreas urbanas e rurais. Foram identificados 401 espécimes (344 carrapatos e 57 pulgas) coletados de diferentes hospedeiros (10 (2,49%), 96 (23,94%) e 295 (73,57%) de gatos, cães e cavalos, respectivamente. Duas espécies de pulgas (Ctenocephalides canis e Ctenocephalides felis) e cinco espécies de carrapatos (Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma sculptum, Dermacentornitens, Rhipicephalus microplus e Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) foram identificadas. Este estudo fornece informações sobre a ectofauna de animais domésticos do nordeste do Brasil. Portanto, o diagnóstico e o tratamento desses parasitos não devem ser subestimados, considerando que os artrópodes aqui relatados podem veicular patógenos de importância médico-veterinária.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Ticks , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Siphonaptera , Horses/parasitology , Brazil , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Rhipicephalus , Ctenocephalides , One Health , Amblyomma
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(3): 396-400, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042475

ABSTRACT

Abstract Ornithocoris toledoi is a hematophagous insect that parasites birds, particularly, galliformes. Although the occurrence of this arthropod is relatively low in Brazil, this is an important ectoparasite associated with backyarding poultry. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of O. toledoi in a free-range chicken farm in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including aspects of its taxonomic identification, biology and epidemiology.


Resumo Ornithocoris toledoi é um inseto hematófago que parasita aves, particularmente os galiformes. Embora a ocorrência deste artrópode seja relativamente baixa no país, este é um ectoparasito importante relacionado à criação rústica de galinhas. O objetivo estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de O. toledoi em uma criação rústica de galinhas no estado do Rio de Janeiro, incluindo aspectos sobre a sua identificação taxonômica, biologia e epidemiologia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Chickens/parasitology , Cimicidae/anatomy & histology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cimicidae/classification , Ectoparasitic Infestations/diagnosis , Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology , Farms
4.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(3): 301-312, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959192

ABSTRACT

Abstract With the aim to identify the parasite fauna of plumbeous rail, Pardirallus sanguinolentus (Aves: Rallidae) in Chile, 26 carcasses were parasitologically necropsied. The present study revealed the presence of 14 species of parasites (inverse Simpson index = 4.64; evenness = 0.332), including ectoparasites: feather mites: Analloptes megnini , Grallobia sp., Grallolichus sp., Megniniella sp., and Metanalges sp.; the feather lice Pseudomenopon meinertzhageni, Rallicola andinus, and Fulicoffula sp.; and six species of gastrointestinal helminths: Heterakis psophiae, Porrocaecum ardeae, Tetrameres sp., Capillaria sp., Diorchis sp., and Plagiorhynchus sp. The relatively high parasite richness that was found could be attributed to the highly favorable conditions of wetlands for parasite development. All parasites found, except feather lice, are new records for plumbeous rail. A checklist of parasites for plumbeous rail is presented.


Resumo Com o objetivo de identificar a fauna parasitária do saracura-do-banhado, Pardirallus sanguinolentus (Aves: Rallidae) no Chile, 26 carcaças foram necropsiadas. O presente estudo revelou a presença de 14 espécies de parasitos (índice Simpson inverso = 4,64; equitatividade = 0,332), incluindo os ácaros de penas: Analloptes megnini, Grallobia sp., Grallolichus sp., Megniniella sp. e Metanalges sp.; os piolhos de penas Pseudomenopon meinertzhageni, Rallicola andinus e Fulicoffula sp.; e seis espécies de helmintos gastrointestinais: Heterakis psophiae, Porrocaecum ardeae, Tetrameres sp., Capillaria sp., Diorchis sp. e Plagiorhynchus sp. A riqueza parasitária relativa encontrada pode ser devido às condições altamente favoráveis das zonas úmidas para o desenvolvimento do parasita. Todos os parasitos encontrados, com exceção dos piolhos de pena, são novos registros para o saracura-do-banhado. Um checklist dos parasitos do saracura-do-banhado é apresentado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(2): 161-168, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959180

ABSTRACT

Abstract To describe the parasitic community of the Magellanic Horned Owl, Bubo magellanicus (Aves, Strigiformes), 19 carcasses from central Chile were analyzed. Ectoparasites were collected through plumage inspection, while endoparasites were collected through traditional techniques of parasitological necropsy. Sixteen owls were infected with at least one species of ectoparasite (84.21%) or endoparasite (31.58%). Eleven of 19 birds (57.89%) harbored feather mites of the three species Pandalura cirrata (42.11%), Glaucalges attenuatus (47.37%), and Kramerella sp. (10.53%), whereas 16 individuals (84.21%) harbored the chewing louse Strigiphilus chilensis. Only six birds (31.58%) were infected with helminths; the nematodes Capillaria tenuissima (26.32%) and Dispharynx nasuta (5.26%); the acanthocephalan Centrorhynchus spinosus (5.26%); and the trematode Neodiplostomum sp. (5.26%). Apart from S . chilensis, all parasites comprised new records for B . magellanicus.


Resumo Para descrever a comunidade parasitária de coruja-orelhuda Bubo magellanicus (Aves, Strigiformes), foram analisados 19 carcaças das aves do centro do Chile. Os ectoparasitos foram coletados inspecionando-se a plumagem e os endoparasitas extraídos por meio de técnicas tradicionais de necropsia parasitaria. Dezesseis corujas estavam infectadas com pelo menos uma espécie de ectoparasito (84,21%) ou endoparasito (31,58%). Onze de 19 aves (57,89%) abrigavam nas penas ácaros de três espécies: Pandalura cirrata (42,11%), Glaucalges attenuatus (47,37%) e Kramerella sp. (10,53%), enquanto que 16 indivíduos (84,21%) estavam parasitados pelo piolho Strigiphilus chilensis . Apenas seis aves (31,58%) estavam infectadas com helmintos; os nematoides Capillaria tenuissima (26,32%) e Dispharynx nasuta (5,26%); o acantocéfalo Centrorhynchus spinosus (5,26%); e o trematódeo Neodiplostomum sp. (5,26%). Excetuando-se S. chilensis , todos os parasitos incluíam novos registros para B. magellanicus .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Strigiformes/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology
6.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 24(4): 387-395, Oct.-Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770313

ABSTRACT

Abstract The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) has historically been a pest of dairy cattle and feedlots due to the availability of decaying plant matter mixed with animal excrements in such production systems. In the last few decades, stable fly outbreaks have also been reported in pasture-raised beef cattle, usually associated with wastes accumulated from animal feeding during winter, the introduction of large-scale crop operations near cattle ranches, and/or the inadvertent use of organic fertilizers. Population explosions of Stomoxys flies may also have natural causes, affecting not only domestic and/or wild animals but also humans. This article compiles information on stable fly outbreaks in Brazil and abroad and discusses their causes and consequences.


Resumo A mosca-dos-estábulos (Stomoxys calcitrans) tem sido historicamente uma praga em gado de leite e gado de corte em confinamento devido à disponibilidade de matéria orgânica vegetal em decomposição, misturada a dejetos animais, nestes sistemas de produção. Nas últimas décadas, surtos de infestação por esta mosca passaram a ocorrer também em rebanhos de corte mantidos extensivamente, geralmente associados ao acúmulo de resíduos de suplementação alimentar durante o inverno, introdução de culturas agrícolas em larga escala no entorno de propriedades pecuárias e/ou uso inadvertido de fertilizantes orgânicos. Eventualmente, explosões populacionais de Stomoxys podem ter causas naturais, afetando animais domésticos e/ou selvagens, além do próprio homem. Este artigo reúne informações sobre surtos da mosca-dos-estábulos no Brasil e em outros países e discute suas causas e consequências.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Muscidae , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Seasons , Brazil/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology
7.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 24(3): 276-282, July-Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761133

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to evaluate the ectoparasites and helminths of the white-crested elaenia, Elaenia albiceps chilensis. Feather mites Anisophyllodes elaeniae, Trouessartia elaeniae, and Analges sp. were detected in 51% of birds (n=106), whereas 24% were infected with lice (Tyranniphilopterus delicatulus, Menacanthus cfr. distinctus, and Ricinus cfr. invadens). Helminths Viguiera sp. and Capillaria sp. were found in five of the birds that were necropsied (n=20). With the exception of A. elaeniae, T. elaeniae, and T. delicatulus, all parasites represented new records found for the white-crested elaenia, and therefore for the Chilean repertoire of biodiversity.


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a fauna de ectoparasitas e helmintos do guaracava de crista branca Elaenia albiceps chilensis. Em 51% das aves (n=106), foram detectados os ácaros de pena Anisophyllodes elaeniae, Trouessartia elaeniae e Analges sp. enquanto 24% foram infectadas por piolhos (Tyranniphilopterus delicatulus, Menacanthus cfr. distinctus e Ricinus cfr. invadens. Em contrapartida, em cinco aves necropsiadas foram encontrados os helmintos Viguiera sp. e Capillaria sp. Com exceção de A. elaeniae, T. elaeniae e T. delicatulus, todos os parasitas representam novos registros para a guaracava de crista branca e, portanto, para a diversidade da fauna parasitária do Chile.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Stomach Diseases/veterinary , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Passeriformes , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Parasites/anatomy & histology , Stomach Diseases/parasitology , Stomach Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology
8.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2014; 55 (April): 175-183
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-165989

ABSTRACT

Microcytic hypochromic anemia is the commonest form of iron deficiency anemia in adolescents. The occurrence of this type of anemia among adolescents is around 27% in developing countries. Clinical management should be based on a full knowledge of the prevalence of this disease in the age group mentioned. The present study reported the distribution of this type of anemia across age, anthropometric guides, and parasitic infestations in a sample of 300 adolescents attending various schools in Giza region, Egypt. Red blood cell size and iron concentration were assessed by mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin levels, serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity from a venous blood sample. The adolescent was considered to have the microcytic form of anemia when their mean corpuscular volume was below 80 femtoliters [fL]. An adolescent with hypochromic anemia was defined as any subject with hemoglobin [Hb] below the WHO cutoff for age and sex: 12.0 g/dl for girls and for boys aged 12.5-14.99 years and 13.0 g/dl for boys aged > 15 years. Also, hypochromic anemia included every subject having either serum iron < 50 microg/dL, or a serum total iron binding capacity [TIBC]> 400 microg/dL. The incidence of microcytic hypochromic anemia in this study was 53%. There were highly statistically significant differences between anemic and non-anemic groups as regards age and height [P 0.05]. Anemic adolescents also had significantly lower values for weight [P < 0.01], BMI [P < 0.01] and hemoglobin concentration [P<0.01] compared to non-anemic adolescents. Also, microcytic hypochromic anemia was more common in adolescents who did not have lunch regularly. Adolescents with current parasitic infestations showed a higher frequency of anemia compared to those who did not. There were no statistically significant differences between adolescents with parasitic infestation and adolescents without parasitic infestation as regards age, weight, height and BMI [P >0.05]. Signs of pallor were more common in adolescents suffering from microcytic hypochromic anemia. Subjects with a history of chronic conditions such as cardiac diseases, renal failure or cancer had a significantly higher incidence of anemia than adolescents who did not. It was concluded that the anemic group of adolescents enrolled in the study were susceptible to growth retardation. This type of anemia is more common in adolescents who do not have lunch, have a chronic disease or a parasitic infestation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Adolescent , Retrospective Studies
10.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 21(3): 237-242, July-Sept. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653711

ABSTRACT

The present study examined occurrences of ectoparasites and identified them on dogs in rural regions in Brazil, and assessed the influence of climate on these parasites. Ectoparasites were randomly collected from 194 dogs living on farms located in Lavras (n = 92) and Nanuque (n = 102) during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, the same dogs in Lavras (n = 71) and Nanuque (n = 66) were resampled. During the experiment, fleas, ticks, lice and fly larvae were collected. The flea species Ctenocephalides felis was the most common ectoparasite collected from these dogs. The main tick species that infested the dogs in rural areas of Nanuque and Lavras was Amblyomma cajennense. In Lavras, the dogs had high levels of flea infestation (80.4 and 88.7% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and low levels of tick infestation (19.6 and 28.2% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively), without any significant differences in infestation rates between the seasons. In Nanuque, moderate levels of flea infestation (68.6 and 43.9% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and A. cajennense (65.7 and 47.0% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) were observed, with significantly lower prevalence in the rainy season (p < 0.05). The presence of ectoparasites was evident at both times of the year, but the different temperatures may have influenced the occurrences of parasites in Lavras and Nanuque.


O presente estudo examinou a ocorrência e identificação de ectoparasitas em cães de áreas rurais no Brasil, e a influência do clima sobre esses parasitas. Ectoparasitas foram aleatoriamente coletados de 194 cães provenientes de fazendas localizadas em Lavras (n = 92) e Nanuque (n = 102) durante o período seco. No período chuvoso subsequente, os mesmos cães de Lavras (n = 71) e Nanuque (n = 66) foram re-amostrados. Durante o experimento, pulgas, carrapatos, piolhos e larvas de diptera foram coletados. A espécie de pulga Ctenocephalides felis foi o ectoparasita mais comumente encontrado desses cães. A principal espécie de carrapato que infestava os cães nas áreas rurais de Nanuque e Lavras foi Amblyomma cajennense. Em Lavras, os cães tinham altos níveis de infestação de pulgas (80,4 e 88,7% nas estações seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) e baixos níveis de infestação por carrapatos (19,6 e 28,2% nas estações seca e chuvosa, respectivamente), não sendo observada diferença significativa nas taxas de infestação entre as estações. Em Nanuque, níveis moderados de infestação por pulgas (68,6 e 43,9% nas estações seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) e A. cajennense (65,7 e 47,0% na estação seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) foram observadas, com prevalência significativamente menor na estação chuvosa (p < 0,05). A presença de ectoparasitas foi evidente em ambas as épocas do ano, mas as diferentes temperaturas poderiam ter influenciado a ocorrência de parasitas em Lavras e Nanuque.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Rural Health , Seasons
11.
Braz. j. biol ; 72(3): 583-585, Aug. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649348

ABSTRACT

Thirty-two specimens of Columbina picui (picui ground-dove) were examined, and a collection of arthropods was made by washing the external surface of the body and the nasal cavity. The species in the order Phthiraptera found and their respective prevalences, mean abundance and mean intensity were: Columbicola passerinae (84.4%; 10.3; 12.2), Hohorstiella passerinae (21.9%; 0.7; 3.1) and Physconelloides eurysema (3.1%; 0.1; 2). The gamasid mites found in the birds and their respective prevalences, mean abundance and mean intensity were: Pellonyssus marui (31.3%; 1.2; 3.9), Ornithonyssus bursa (15.6%; 0.2. ;1.2) and Mesonyssus sp. (6.3%; 0.1; 1). Columbicola passerinae, H. passerinae, P. eurysema, O. bursa, P. marui and Mesonyssus sp. were recorded for the first time infecting C. picui in Brazil. Except for O. bursa, the other species are reported for the first time in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.


Foram examinados 32 espécimes de Columbina picui (rolinha-picui), sendo que a coleta de artrópodes foi realizada por meio de lavagem da superfície externa do corpo e da cavidade nasal. As espécies da ordem Phthiraptera encontradas e suas respectivas prevalências, abundância média e intensidade média foram: Columbicola passerinae (84,4%; 10,3; 12,2), Hohorstiella passerinae (21,9%; 0,7; 3,1) e Physconelloides eurysema (3,1%; 0,1; 2). Os ácaros Gamasida encontrados nas aves e suas respectivas prevalências, abundância média e intensidade média foram: Pellonyssus marui (31,3%; 1,2; 3,9), Ornithonyssus bursa (15,6%; 0,2; 1,2) e Mesonyssus sp. (6,3%; 0,1; 1). Columbicola passerinae, H. passerinae, P. eurysema, O. bursa, P. marui e Mesonyssus sp. são relatados pela primeira vez parasitando C. picui no Brasil. Exceto O. bursa, as demais espécies são relatadas pela primera vez no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Columbidae/parasitology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Mites/physiology , Phthiraptera/physiology , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Columbidae/classification , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Prevalence
12.
Braz. j. biol ; 72(3): 617-621, Aug. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649353

ABSTRACT

Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of the less studied issues in parasitology research, and the scarce evidence available supports that younger specimens present higher infestation rates. The purpose of this work is to establish if higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during the day in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults.


Aspectos ecológicos relacionados ao parasitismo são uma das questões menos estudadas em parasitologia e poucas evidências sobre indivíduos jovens apresentando maiores taxas de infestações estão disponíveis.O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer se a taxa de infestação mais elevada é observada em fêmeas lactantes e jovens capturados dentro de seu refúgio. Os morcegos foram capturados dentro de um abrigo localizado na RPPN EstaçãoVeracel, Santa Cruz deCabrália-Bahia, Brasil. Um total de 56 indivíduos de Carollia perspicillata foi observado, sendo que 17 indivíduos foram capturados dentro do refúgio, durante o dia, e 39 foram capturados em trilhas, à noite. Indivíduos de C. perspicillata capturados durante o dia no abrigo apresentaram índices de infestação semelhantes aos morcegos capturados em trilhas e maior prevalência. A hipótese de que jovens eram maisinfectados foi confirmada, com base na maior infestação de fêmeas com recém-nascidos e na relação inversa significativa entre o peso corporal e o número de parasitas em jovens e subadultos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Pregnancy , Chiroptera/parasitology , Diptera , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Animals, Newborn , Brazil/epidemiology , Chiroptera/classification , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Housing, Animal , Prevalence
13.
Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. (Online) ; 21(3): 326-329, jul.-set. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487813

ABSTRACT

This survey was conducted to identify and estimate the frequencies of ectoparasites of dogs in Tehran, Iran. A total of 143 dogs attended at the Small Animal Hospital of the Veterinary School, the University of Tehran, were examined for the presence of ectoparasites and dermatological lesions. Ectoparasite specimens and blood samples were sent to parasitology and hematology laboratories, respectively. Ticks were the most frequent ectoparasite (36.4%, 52/143), followed by fleas (29.4%, 42/143), mites (25.9%, 37/143), and lice (8.4%, 12/143). Mixed infestations with two or more ectoparasites were detected in eight dogs. Rhipicephalus bursa was the most frequent ectoparasite in spring and summer. Ectoparasitic infestations were recorded mainly in large breeds and juvenile animals. Eosinophilia was more observed in dogs infested with Sarcoptes scabiei. The most common clinical sign, skin pruritus, was associated with mite and lice infestations. These results indicate that the tick R. bursa was the most prominent species of ectoparasite found in the evaluated group, followed by Ctenocephalides canis and S. scabiei var canis.


Esta pesquisa foi realizada para identificar e estimar a frequência de ectoparasitas de cães em Teerã, Irã. Um total de 143 cães, atendidos no Hospital de Pequenos Animais da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade de Teerã, foi examinado para a pesquisa de ectoparasitas e lesões cutâneas. Espécimes de ectoparasitos e amostras de sangue coletadas foram enviadas para exame em laboratório de parasitologia e hematologia, respectivamente. Os carrapatos foram os ectoparasitos mais frequentemente encontrados (36,4%, 52/143), seguidos por pulgas (29,4%, 42/143), sarnas (25,9%, 37/143) e piolhos (8,4%, 12/143). Infestações mistas com dois ou mais ectoparasitos foram observadas em oito cães. Rhipicephalus bursa foi o ectoparasito mais frequente na primavera e verão. Infestações de ectoparasitos foram registradas principalmente em raças maiores e animais jovens. Eosinofilia foi mais observado em cães infestados com Sarcoptes scabiei. O sinal clínico mais comum, prurido na pele, esteve associado às infestações por ácaros e piolhos. Estes resultados indicam o carrapato R. bursa como ectoparasito mais comum no grupo avaliado, seguido por Ctenocephalides canis e S. scabiei var canis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Sarcoptes scabiei , Data Collection , Iran/epidemiology
14.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 20(4): 325-330, Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-609127

ABSTRACT

The mark-recapture method allows analysis on the variation in the abundance of bat ectoparasites at consecutive captures. The objectives of this study were to compare the pattern of Streblidae parasitism between capture and recapture of C. perspicillata; ascertain whether the abundance of Streblidae varied with time after removal of ectoparasites at capture and analyze whether the intensity of parasitism remained the same in each individual at capture and recapture. Using bats netted in the State of Rio de Janeiro, 42 individuals of C. perspicillata parasitized by two Streblidae species, Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and Strebla guajiro (Garcia & Casal, 1965), were selected. The pattern of parasitism observed at capture was similar at recapture. No relationship was observed between the capture-recapture time interval and the abundance of ectoparasites. There was no relationship between the abundances of ectoparasites at capture and recapture of each individual.


A utilização da técnica de marcação-recaptura de morcegos permite a análise da variação na abundância de ectoparasitas de morcegos em capturas consecutivas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar o padrão de parasitismo de Streblidae entre captura e recaptura de Carollia perspicillata; verificar se a abundância de Streblidae varia com o tempo após a remoção dos ectoparasitas na captura e analisar se a intensidade de parasitismo permanece similar em cada indivíduo na captura e recaptura. Por meio de coletas com redes de neblina, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram encontrados 42 indivíduos de C. perspicillata parasitados por duas espécies de Streblidae, Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966 e Strebla guajiro (Garcia & Casal, 1965). O padrão de parasitismo observado durante a captura foi semelhante na recaptura. Não foi observada relação do tempo entre a captura e recaptura com a abundância de ectoparasitas. Não houve relação entre a abundância de ectoparasitas na captura e recaptura de cada indivíduo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chiroptera/parasitology , Diptera , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Brazil , Recurrence
15.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(3): 1257-1264, Sept. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638158

ABSTRACT

Raptorial birds harbor a variety of ectoparasites and the mayority of them are host specific. The aim of this study was to identify the ectoparasites of captive birds of prey from Mexico, as well as to verify their impact in the health of infested birds. Raptorial birds were confiscated and kept in captivity at the Centro de Investigación y Conservación de Vida Silvestre (CIVS) in Los Reyes La Paz, Mexico State. Seventy-four birds of prey (66 Falconiformes and eigth Strigiformes) of 15 species were examined for the presence of ectoparasites. We examined both juvenile and adult birds from both sexes. The overall prevalence was 16.2%; 66.7% of raptors were infested with a single type of external parasite. Lice were the most prevalent ectoparasites (91.7%), followed by feather mites and fleas (8.3%). Degeeriella fulva (72.7%), Craspedorrhynchus sp. (45.4%) and Strigiphilus aitkeni (9.1%) (Ischnocera, Philopteridae) were recovered from wings, head and neck regions of red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Swainson’s hawk (B. swainsoni), Harris’s hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) and Barn owl (Tyto alba). Low lice infestation level was observed. Nymphs and females of feather mites Kramerella sp. (Pterolichoidea, Kramerellidae) were recovered solely from Barn owl (T. alba); while one Caracara (Caracara cheriway) was infested by the sticktight flea Echidnophaga gallinacea (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae). No clinical signs were observed in any infested bird. Probably the periodic use of organophosphorates was responsible of the low prevalence and lice infestation levels. The diversity of external parasites illustrates the importance of detailed revision of incoming and long-term captive raptors as part of responsible captive management. Five new hosts and geographic records are presented. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1257-1264. Epub 2011 September 01.


Las aves rapaces albergan una gran variedad de ectoparásitos y la mayoría de ellos son específicos de acogida. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los ectoparásitos de aves de presa en cautiverio en México y verificar su impacto en la salud de las aves. Se estudiaron 74 rapaces (66 Falconiformes y ocho Strigiformes) de 15 especies, juveniles y adultos de ambos sexos que fueron confiscadas y mantenidas en el Centro de Investigación y Conservación de Vida Silvestre (CIVS) en Los Reyes La Paz (20º22’ N, 98º59’ W), estado de México. La prevalencia fue de 16.2%; 66.7% de las rapaces estaban infestadas por un único tipo de ectoparásito. Los piojos fueron los más prevalentes (91.7%), seguidos por los ácaros y las pulgas (8.3%). Los piojos Degeeriela fulva (72.7%), Craspedorhynchus sp. (45.4%) y Strigiphilus aitkeni (9.1%) fueron extraídos de las alas, cabeza y cuello de aguililla cola-roja (Buteo jamaicensis), aguililla migratoria (B. swainsoni), aguililla de Harris (Parabuteo unicinctus) y lechuza de campanario (Tyto alba). El ácaro Kramerella sp. fue extaído de T. alba; mientras que un Caracara (Caracara cheriway) estaba infestado por la pulga Echidnophaga gallinacea. No se observaron signos clínicos en ninguna de las aves infestadas. Probablemente el uso periódico de organofosforatos fue el responsable de la baja prevalencia y de los niveles de ingesta de piojos. La diversidad de ectoparásitos identificados ilustra la importancia de una detallada revisión de las rapaces en cautiverio. Cinco nuevos hospederos y registros geográficos son presentados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Falconiformes/parasitology , Flea Infestations/veterinary , Lice Infestations/veterinary , Mite Infestations/veterinary , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology , Flea Infestations/epidemiology , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Mite Infestations/epidemiology
16.
Braz. j. biol ; 71(2): 365-373, maio 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-592571

ABSTRACT

A total of 240 Nile tilapia were examined between April 2007 and March 2008, gathered from three different fish farms, 20 fish in each fish farm, in the four seasons of the year. Fish ponds were located in Joinville, Blumenau and Ituporanga, Santa Catarina state, Brazil and each pond had a different culture system. Prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance and mean relative dominance were compared among fish ponds and seasons. During this period, the water quality was kept in normal values. Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida) was the most dominant parasite followed by Trichodina magna e T. compacta (Ciliophora), Cichlydogyrus sclerosus, C halli, C. thurstonae, Scutogyrus longicornis (Monogenoidea), copepodids Lernaeidae gen. sp. The highest prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of ectoparasites were found on the body surface in fish from Joinville followed by Blumenau and Ituporanga. In the gills, the highest mean intensity and mean abundance were found in fish from Blumenau and Ituporanga in the winter. Piscinoodinium pillulare showed prevalence 100 percent during autumn in Blumenau and Ituporanga. In winter P. pillulare occurred in all study facilities. Fish from Joinville showed 100 percent prevalence of Monogenoidea during all seasons, as well as the highest mean intensity and abundance. The results showed that the majority of examined fish had higher infestations by protozoan during autumn and winter and higher infestations by metazoan have occurred in spring and summer.


Um total de 240 tilápias-do-nilo foi examinado entre abril de 2007 e março de 2008, a partir de três diferentes localidades em quatro estações, 20 de cada piscicultura. As pisciculturas estavam localizadas em Joinville, Blumenau e Ituporanga, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Taxa de prevalência, intensidade média, abundância média e dominância média relativa foram comparadas entre as pisciculturas e entre as estações. Durante esse período, a qualidade da água se manteve em valores normais para tilápia. Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida) foi o mais dominante seguido por Trichodina magna e Trichodina compacta (Ciliophora), Cichlydogyrus sclerosus, Cichlydogyrus halli, Cichlydogyrus thurstonae, Scutogyrus longicornis (Monogenoidea), copepoditos Lernaeidae gen. sp. Os maiores valores de taxa de prevalência, intensidade média e abundância média de ectoparasitos foram encontrados na superfície do corpo de peixes de Joinville, seguidos pelos de Blumenau e Ituporanga. Nas brânquias, as maiores intensidades e abundâncias médias foram encontradas em peixes de Blumenau e Ituporanga examinados no inverno. Piscinoodinium pillulare apresentou prevalência de 100 por cento no outono em Blumenau e Ituporanga. No inverno, a prevalência de P. pillulare ocorreu também em todas as pisciculturas. Peixes de Joinville apresentaram prevalência de 100 por cento de Monogenoidea em todas as estações, assim como as maiores intensidades e abundâncias médias. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos peixes examinados apresentaram maiores infestações por protozoários no outono e inverno, e metazoários na primavera e no verão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids/parasitology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Fisheries , Fish Diseases/epidemiology , Seasons , Brazil/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Prevalence
17.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 15(1): 74-80, Jan.-Feb. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-576790

ABSTRACT

Bedbugs have been known as a human parasite for thousands of years, but scientific studies about this insect are recent and limited. Cimex lectularius, the common bedbug, was a well-known parasite in human dwellings until the end of the Second World War. Nowadays, bedbugs are considered uncommon in the industrialized world. Anecdotal reports suggest that bedbugs are getting more common in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom. In Brazil, there are few reports about bedbug infestations in the literature. The aim of this article was to alert physicians, especially in Brazil, about this ectoparasitosis, including aspects of the bedbug biology, their parasitism in human host, treatment and prophylaxis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Bedbugs , Ectoparasitic Infestations , Host-Parasite Interactions , Bedbugs/anatomy & histology , Bedbugs/classification , Bedbugs/physiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/diagnosis , Ectoparasitic Infestations/drug therapy , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology
18.
Journal of Veterinary Research. 2011; 66 (1): 77-79
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-125133

ABSTRACT

Parasitism is one of the major problems affecting goat's health. It causes a considerable economic loss in small ruminants of worldwide. The main objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal and external parasite infections in goats of North-West of Iran. In spite of the importance of goats in this region, there is no detailed quantitative study on prevalence of goat parasites. Fecal samples were collected from 403 goat for identification of gastrointestinal parasites and presence of external parasites. Seven different species of gastrointestinal parasites including Strongylida, Marshalagia, Nematodirus, Trichuris, Cystocoulus, Monizia and Fasciola, were identified in fecal samples. The number and percentage of infected goats for these parasites were 206 [51.11%] for Strongylida, 37 [9.18%] for Marshalagia, 12[2.97%] for Nematodirus, 58 [14.39%]for Trichuris 3 [0.7%] for Cystocoulus, 23[5.7%] for Monizia and 4[1%] for Fasciola. The number of eggs ranged from 3 to 172 eggs per gram of feces. A number of 112 samples [27.79%] were positive for Eimeria with oocysts number of 1-390 per gram of feces. It was also found that 12[3%], 203[50.4%] and 131[32.5%] of goats were infested by Sarcoptes scabeii, Damalinia caprae and Ripicephalus bursa, respectively. On each goat 1-5 hard ticks were found at different sites of their body. Results showed that intensity of gastrointestinal parasite infection of goats were low in the region therefore intensive parasitic treatment should not be recommended, It can be concluded that fecal examination should be considered before applying any parasitic treatment


Subject(s)
Animals , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology
19.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 18(4): 26-31, Oct.-Dec. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606802

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos da realização deste trabalho foram determinar a prevalência de ectoparasitos e parasitos gastrointestinais (GI) em gatos domiciliados, nas regiões central e periférica, da cidade de Lages, SC e também caracterizar as famílias proprietárias de gatos quanto as suas condições sócioeconômicas e culturais. No período de dezembro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006, foram distribuídos 600 questionários a proprietários de animais cidade de Lages, SC e coletados ectoparasitos e amostras de fezes. A prevalência para ectoparasitos foi de 13,8 por cento (28/203) e para parasitos GI, 37,8 por cento (42/111). A prevalência de parasitos em gatos domiciliados da região periférica foi maior que os da região central. Os ectoparasitos observados foram Ctenocephalides felis felis, C. canis e Ctenocephalides híbrido (C. felis felis × C. canis). Os ovos de helmintos intestinais identificados nas fezes de gatos foram Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., família Taeniidae e Oncicola sp. Na região periférica, o maior número de animais positivos pertencia a proprietários de baixa renda salarial e pouca escolaridade. As populações residentes nos bairros da região periférica encontram-se mais expostas aos agentes com potencial zoonótico.


The purpose of this research was to determinate the prevalence of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in domiciliated cats, from central and peripheral region, of Lages city, Santa Catarina State and also characterize the economic, social and cultural status of families' pet owners. From the period of December 2005 to December 2006, 600 questionnaires were distributed to pet owners of Lages city and ectoparasites and faeces were collected. The prevalence of ectoparasites was 13.8 percent (28/203) and for GI parasites was 37.8 percent (42/111). The prevalence of parasites in domiciliated cats from the peripheral region were bigger than in the central region. The ectoparasites observed were Ctenocephalides felis felis, C. canis and Ctenocephalides hybrid (C. felis felis x C. canis). The intestinal helminths eggs observed in cats faeces were Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Taeniidae family and Oncicola sp. In the peripheral region, the largest number of positive animals belonged to owners of low-income wage and low education The peripheral region population are over exposed to potencial zoonotic agents.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Animals, Domestic , Brazil , Cultural Characteristics , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Family , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Health
20.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 18(3): 75-77, July-Sept. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-606796

ABSTRACT

This article presents the results of a study on ectoparasites infesting rural dogs in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Forty-one dogs from a rural community of Pernambuco were examined and 70.7 percent were infested by ectoparasites. The prevalence rates of infestation by ticks, fleas, and lice were 58.5, 43.9 and 22 percent, respectively. Of 24 dogs parasitized by ticks, 15 were exclusively infested by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (32 females, 66 males, 9 nymphs; prevalence, 48.8 percent; mean intensity, 5.4), four by Amblyomma ovale Koch (33 females, 19 males; prevalence, 22 percent; mean intensity, 5.8), and five were coinfested by both species. Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché) (25 females, 8 males; prevalence, 43.9 percent; mean intensity, 1.9) and Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein) (16 females, 11 males, 10 nymphs; prevalence, 22 percent; mean intensity, 4.1) were the only species of flea and louse identified. Tick infestation was more frequent than flea or lice infestations (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found by sex and age group of the dogs studied and prevalence of infestation. Overall, 48.8 percent (20/41) of the dogs were infested by more than one ectoparasite species.


O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre os ectoparasitos que infestam cães rurais em Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Quarenta e um cães de uma comunidade rural de Pernambuco foram examinados e 70,7 por cento estavam infestados por ectoparasitos. As taxas de prevalência de infestação por carrapatos, pulgas e piolhos foram 58,5, 43,9 e 22 por cento, respectivamente. Dos 24 cães parasitados por carrapatos, 15 estavam exclusivamente infestados por Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (32 fêmeas, 66 machos, 9 ninfas; prevalência, 48,8 por cento; intensidade média, 5,4), quatro por Amblyomma ovale Koch (33 fêmeas, 19 machos; prevalência, 22 por cento; intensidade média, 5,8), e cinco estavam co-infestados por ambas as espécies. Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché) (25 fêmeas, 8 machos; prevalência, 43,9 por cento; intensidade média, 1,9) e Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein) (16 fêmeas, 11 machos, 10 ninfas; prevalência, 22 por cento; intensidade média, 4,1) foram as únicas espécies de pulga e piolho identificadas. A infestação por carrapatos foi mais frequente que as infestações por pulgas ou piolhos (p < 0.05). Não houve diferença estatística em relação ao sexo e grupo etário dos cães e a prevalência de infestação. No geral, 48,8 por cento (20/41) dos cães estavam infestados por mais de uma espécie de ectoparasito.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Rural Health
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL